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EXAM NAME : CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Certification (ITF+)
Number of questions : 75
Type of questions : Multiple choice
Length of test : 60 minutes
Passing score : 650 (on a scale of 900)

The CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) FC0-U61 exam will certify the successful candidate
has the knowledge and skills required to identify and explain the basics of:
• Computing
• IT infrastructure
• Software development
• Database use

In addition, candidates will demonstrate their knowledge of:
• Installing software
• Establishing basic network connectivity
• Identifying/preventing basic security risks
Further, this exam will assess the candidates knowledge in the areas of troubleshooting theory and preventive maintenance of devices. This exam is intended for candidates who are advanced end users, considering a career in IT, and interested in pursuing professional-level certifications, such as A+.
Note: This is a pre-professional certification for candidates seeking a career in IT.

DOMAIN PERCENTAGE OF EXAMINATION
1.0 IT Concepts and Terminology 17%
2.0 Infrastructure 22%
3.0 Applications and Software 18%
4.0 Software Development 12%
5.0 Database Fundamentals 11%
6.0 Security 20%
Total 100%

1.0 IT Concepts and Terminology

Compare and contrast notational systems.
• Binary
• Data representation
• Hexadecimal - ASCII
• Decimal - Unicode

Compare and contrast fundamental data types and their characteristics.
• Char
• Numbers
• Boolean
• Strings - Integers -Floats

Illustrate the basics of computing and processing.
• Input
• Output
• Processing
• Storage

Explain the value of data and information.
• Data and information as assets
• Importance of investing in security
• Relationship of data to creating information
• Intellectual property - Trademarks - Copyright - Patents
• Digital products
• Data-driven business decisions - Data capture and collection - Data correlation - Meaningful reporting

1.0 IT Concepts and Terminology

Compare and contrast common units of measure.

• Storage unit
- TB - Gbps
- Bit - PB
- Tbps
- Byte

• Throughput unit

• Processing speed
- KB - bps - MHz
- MB - Kbps - GHz
- GB - Mbps
Explain the troubleshooting methodology.
• Identify the problem
-Gather information
-Duplicate the problem, if possible
-Question users
-Identify symptoms
-Determine if anything has changed
-Approach multiple
problems individually

• Research knowledge base/ Internet, if applicable
• Establish a theory of probable cause
-Question the obvious
-Consider multiple approaches
-Divide and conquer

• Test the theory to determine the cause
-Once the theory is confirmed (confirmed root cause), determine the next steps to resolve the problem
-If the theory is not confirmed, establish a new theory or escalate
• Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and identify potential effects
• Implement the solution or escalate as necessary
• Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures
• Document findings/lessons learned, actions, and outcomes

2.0 Infrastructure

Classify common types of input/output device interfaces.
• Networking
• Peripheral device
• Graphic device
- Wired - USB - VGA
- Telephone connector (RJ-11) - FireWire - HDMI
- Ethernet connector (RJ-45) - Thunderbolt - DVI
- Wireless - Bluetooth - DisplayPort
- Bluetooth - RF - Mini DisplayPort
- NFC

Given a scenario, set up and install common
peripheral devices to a laptop/PC.
• Devices - Camera
• Installation types
- Printer - External hard drive - Plug-and-play vs. driver installation
- Scanner - Speakers - Other required steps
- Keyboard - Display - IP-based peripherals
- Mouse - Web-based configuration steps

Explain the purpose of common internal computing components.

• Motherboard/system board - 32-bit
• Storage
• Firmware/BIOS - Laptop - Hard drive
• RAM - Workstation - SSD
• CPU - Server
• GPU
- ARM - 64-bit
• Cooling
- Mobile phone - Laptop
• NIC
- Tablet - Workstation - Wired vs. wireless
- Server - On-board vs. add-on card

Compare and contrast common Internet service types.
• Fiber optic
• Wireless
• Cable - Radio frequency
• DSL - Satellite
- Cellular

2.0 Infrastructure

Compare and contrast storage types.

• Volatile vs. non-volatile
- Flash drive
• Local storage types
• Local network storage types
- RAM - NAS
- Hard drive - File server
- Solid state vs. spinning disk
• Cloud storage service
- Optical

Compare and contrast common computing devices and their purposes.

• Mobile phones
• IoT - Modern cars
• Tablets - Home appliances - IP cameras
• Laptops - Home automation devices - Streaming media devices
• Workstations - Thermostats - Medical devices
• Servers - Security systems
• Gaming consoles

Explain basic networking concepts.
• Basics of network communication
• Basic protocols - Switch
- Basics of packet transmission - HTTP/S - Access point
- DNS - POP3 - Firewall
- URL-to-IP translation - IMAP
- LAN vs. WAN - SMTP
• Device addresses
• Devices
- IP address - Modem
- MAC address - Router

Given a scenario, install, configure and secure a basic wireless network.
• 802.11a/b/g/n/ac - Encrypted vs. unencrypted
- Older vs. newer standards - Open
- Speed limitations - Captive portal
- Interference and attenuation factors - WEP
• Best practices - WPA
- Change SSID - WPA2
- Change default password

3.0 Applications and Software

Explain the purpose of operating systems.
• Interface between applications
• Memory management - Server OS and hardware
• Device management - Embedded OS
• Disk management
• Access control/protection - Firmware
• Process management/scheduling
• Types of OS - Hypervisor (Type 1)
- Kill process/end task - Mobile device OS
• Application management - Workstation OS

Compare and contrast components of an operating system.

• File systems and features - Permissions
• Processes
- File systems - Journaling
• Drivers
- NTFS - Limitations
• Utilities
- FAT32 - Naming rules - Task scheduling
- HFS • File management
• Interfaces
- Ext4 - Folders/directories - Console/command line
• Features - File types and extensions - GUI
- Compression - Permissions
- Encryption
• Services

Explain the purpose and proper use of software.

• Productivity software
- Word processing software
- Spreadsheet software
- Presentation software
- Web browser
- Visual diagramming software
• Collaboration software
-Email client
-Conferencing software
-Instant messaging software
-Online workspace
-Document sharing
• Business software
-Database software
-Project management software
-Business-specific applications
-Accounting software

3.0 Applications and Software

Explain methods of application architecture and delivery models.

• Application delivery methods - Network required
• Application architecture models
- Locally installed - Internet access not required - One tier
- Network not required - Cloud hosted - Two tier
- Application exists locally - Internet access required - Three tier
- Files saved locally - Service required -n-tier
- Local network hosted - Files saved in the cloud

Given a scenario, configure and use web browsers.

• Caching/clearing cache
• Private browsing
• Popup blockers
• Deactivate client-side scripting
• Proxy settings
• Script blockers
• Browser add-ons/extensions
• Certificates
• Compatible browser for application(s)
- Add - Valid
- Remove - Invalid
- Enable/disable

Compare and contrast general application concepts and uses.

• Single-platform software - Open source vs. proprietary
• Cross-platform software - Subscription vs. one-time purchase
- Compatibility concerns - Product keys and serial numbers
• Licensing • Software installation best practices
- Single use - memorizing instructions
- Group use/site license - memorizing agreements
- Concurrent license - Advanced options

4.0 Software Development Concepts

Compare and contrast programming language categories.
• Interpreted
• Compiled programming languages
- Scripting languages
• Query languages
- Scripted languages
• Assembly language
- Markup languages

Given a scenario, use programming organizational techniques and interpret logic.
• Organizational techniques
• Logic components
- Pseudocode concepts - Branching
- Flow-chart concepts - Looping
- Sequence

Explain the purpose and use of programming concepts.
• Identifiers
• Functions
- Variables
• Objects
- Constants - Properties
• Containers - Attributes
- Arrays - Methods
- Vectors

5.0 Database Fundamentals

Explain database concepts and the purpose of a database.
• Usage of database - Scalability
- Create - Speed
- Import/input - Variety of data
- Query
• Records
- Reports
• Storage
• Flat file vs. database - Data persistence
- Multiple concurrent users

Compare and contrast various database structures.

• Structured vs. semi-structured - Fields/columns vs. non-structured - Primary key
• Relational databases - Foreign key
- Schema - Constraints
- Tables
• Non-relational databases
- Rows/records - Key/value databases
- Document databases

Summarize methods used to interface with databases.
• Relational methods
- Data manipulation
- Select
- Insert
- Delete
- Update
- Data definition
- Create
- Alter
- Drop
- Permissions
• Database access methods
- Direct/manual access
- Programmatic access
- User interface/utility access
- Query/report builders
• Export/import
- Database dump
- Backup

6.0 Security

Summarize confidentiality, integrity and availability concerns.
• Confidentiality concerns
• Integrity concerns
• Availability concerns
- Snooping - Man-in-the-middle - Denial of service
- Eavesdropping - Replay attack - Power outage
- Wiretapping - Impersonation - Hardware failure
- Social engineering - Unauthorized information alteration - Destruction
- Dumpster diving - Service outage

Explain methods to secure devices and best practices.

• Securing devices (mobile/workstation)
• Device use best practices - Removal of unnecessary software
- Antivirus/Anti-malware - Software sources - Removal of malicious software
- Host firewall - Validating legitimate sources
- Changing default passwords - Researching legitimate sources
- Enabling passwords - OEM websites vs.
- Safe browsing practices third-party websites
- Patching/updates - Removal of unwanted software

Summarize behavioral security concepts.
• Expectations of privacy when using: - The Internet - Social networking sites - Email - File sharing - Instant messaging - Mobile applications - Desktop software - Business software - Corporate network
• Written policies and procedures
• Handling of confidential information - Passwords - Personal information - Customer information - Company confidential information

6.0 Security
Compare and contrast authentication, authorization, accounting and non-repudiation concepts.
• Authentication
- Single factor
- Multifactor
- Examples of factors
- Password
- PIN
- One-time password
- Software token
- Hardware token
- Biometrics
- Specific location
- Security questions
- Single sign-on
• Authorization
- Permissions
- Least privilege model
- Role-based access
- User account types
- Rule-based access
- Mandatory access controls
- Discretionary access controls
• Accounting
- Logs
- Tracking
- Web browser history
• Non-repudiation
- Video
- Biometrics
- Signature
- Receipt

Explain password best practices.
• Password length
• Password expiration
• Password reset process
• Password complexity
• Password reuse across sites
• Password history
• Password managers

Explain common uses of encryption.
• Plain text vs. cipher text - Mobile device - VPN
• Data at rest
• Data in transit - Mobile application
- File level - Email
- Disk level - HTTPS

Explain business continuity concepts.
• Fault tolerance - Critical data
• Disaster recovery
- Replication - Database - Data restoration
- Redundancy - OS backups - Prioritization
- Data - Location - Restoring access
- Network - Stored locally
- Power - Cloud storage
- Backup considerations - On-site vs. off-site
- Data - Contingency plan
- File backups

CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Acronyms

The following is a list of acronyms that appear on the CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) exam. Candidates are encouraged to review the complete list and attain a working knowledge of all listed acronyms as part of a comprehensive exam preparation program.
ACRONYM SPELLED OUT
AC Alternating Current
ACL Access Control List
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AIO All In One
APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
ARM Advanced RISC Machines
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BD-ROM Blu-ray Disc-Read-Only Memory
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CD Compact Disc
CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory
CD-RW Compact Disc-Rewritable
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
DC Direct Current
DDL Data Definition Language
DDoS Distributed Denial of Service
DDR Double Data-Rate
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module
DLL Dynamic Link Layer
DLP Data Leak Prevention
DML Data Manipulation Language
DNS Domain Name Service or Domain Name Server
DoS Denial of Service
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DVD Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc
DVD-R Digital Video Disc-Recordable
DVD-RW Digital Video Disc-Rewritable
DVI Digital Visual Interface

ACRONYM
EMI eSATA ESD EULA FAT FAT32 FTP FTPS Gb GB Gbps GHz GPS GPU GUI HDD HDMI HFS HTML HTTP HTTPS ICMP IDS IMAP IOPS IoT IP IPS IR ISP Kb KB Kbps LAN MAC

SPELLED OUT
Electromagnetic Interference External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Electrostatic Discharge End-User License Agreement File Allocation Table 32-bit File Allocation Table File Transfer Protocol File Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer Gigabit Gigabyte Gigabit per second Gigahertz Global Positioning System Graphics Processing Unit Graphical User Interface Hard Disk Drive High-Definition Media Interface Hierarchical File System Hypertext Markup Language Hypertext Transfer Protocol Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Internet Control Message Protocol Intrusion Detection System Internet Mail Access Protocol Input/Output Operations Per Second Internet of Things Internet Protocol Intrusion Prevention System Infrared Internet Service Provider Kilobit Kilobyte or Knowledge Base Kilobit per second Local Area Network Media Access Control

ACRONYM SPELLED OUT
Mb Megabit
MB Megabyte
Mbps Megabit per second
MHz Megahertz
MITM Man in the Middle
MP3 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 3 Audio
MP4 Moving Picture Experts Group Layer 4
NAS Network Attached Storage
NDA Non-Disclosure Agreement
NFC Near Field Communications
NIC Network Interface Card
NTFS New Technology File System
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OS Operating System
PB Petabyte
PC Personal Computer
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
PII Personally Identifiable Information
PIN Personal Identification Number
POP Post Office Protocol
POP3 Post Office Protocol 3
PSU Power Supply Unit
PXE Preboot Execution Environment
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RF Radio Frequency
RJ Registered Jack
RJ-11 Registered Jack Function 11
RJ-45 Registered Jack Function 45
ROM Read-Only Memory
SaaS Software as a Service
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SD Card Secure Digital Card
SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol
SID System Identifier
SMB Server Message Block
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SOHO Small Office, Home Office
SQL Structured Query Language
SSD Solid State Drive
SSID Service Set Identifier
SSO Secure Sign-On
SSL Secure Sockets Layer

ACRONYM
Tb TB Tbps TCP TCP/IP TKIP TLS UPS URL USB VGA VoIP VPN WAN WAP WEP WIFI WLAN WPA WPA2

SPELLED OUT
Terabit Terabyte Terabits per second Transmission Control Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Temporal Key Integrity Protocol Thread Local Storage Uninterruptable Power Supply Uniform Resource Locator Universal Serial Bus Video Graphics Array or Video Graphics Adapter Voice over Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network Wide Area Network Wireless Access Point Wired Equivalency Privacy Wireless Fidelity Wireless Local Area Network Wireless Protected Access Wireless Protected Access 2

CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Proposed Hardware and Software List
CompTIA has included this trial list of hardware and software to assist candidates as they prepare for the CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) exam. This list may also be helpful for training companies that wish to create a lab component for their training offering. The bulleted lists below each subject are trial lists and not exhaustive.
EQUIPMENT
• Workstations – unpackaged workstations
• Wireless router
• Cable modem
• Laptop
• Basic printer
• External storage devices
- Hard drive
- Solid state drive
• Tablet/smartphone
• Power strip/UPS
• Physical networking devices

SPARE PARTS/HARDWARE
• Flash drive (for backup)
• Various cable types

TOOLS
• ESD wrist band (for demonstration)
• Internet connectivity

SOFTWARE
• OS media
- Windows
- Linux
• Unconfigured OS images
• Anti-malware software
• Productivity software
• Collaboration software
• Browser software
• Backup software
• Database software
• Software development packages (IDE)